[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":792},["ShallowReactive",2],{"/en-us/blog/gitlab-journey-from-azure-to-gcp":3,"navigation-en-us":40,"banner-en-us":439,"footer-en-us":449,"blog-post-authors-en-us-Chrissie Buchanan":690,"blog-related-posts-en-us-gitlab-journey-from-azure-to-gcp":704,"assessment-promotions-en-us":743,"next-steps-en-us":782},{"id":4,"title":5,"authorSlugs":6,"body":8,"categorySlug":9,"config":10,"content":14,"description":8,"extension":27,"isFeatured":12,"meta":28,"navigation":29,"path":30,"publishedDate":20,"seo":31,"stem":35,"tagSlugs":36,"__hash__":39},"blogPosts/en-us/blog/gitlab-journey-from-azure-to-gcp.yml","Gitlab Journey From Azure To Gcp",[7],"chrissie-buchanan",null,"company",{"slug":11,"featured":12,"template":13},"gitlab-journey-from-azure-to-gcp",false,"BlogPost",{"title":15,"description":16,"authors":17,"heroImage":19,"date":20,"body":21,"category":9,"tags":22},"GitLab’s journey from Azure to GCP","GitLab Staff Engineer Andrew Newdigate shares how we completed our migration to Google Cloud Platform, and how we overcame challenges along the way.",[18],"Chrissie Buchanan","https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1749671280/Blog/Hero%20Images/gitlab-gke-integration-cover.png","2019-05-02","\n\nLast June, we had to face the facts: Our SaaS infrastructure for GitLab.com was not ready for mission-critical workloads, error rates were just too high, and availability was too low. To address these challenges, we decided to migrate from Azure to Google Cloud Platform (GCP) and document the journey publicly, end to end. A lot has happened since [we first talked about moving to GCP](/blog/moving-to-gcp/), and we’re excited to share the results.\n\nAt [Google Cloud Next '19](https://cloud.withgoogle.com/next/sf), GitLab Staff Engineer [Andrew Newdigate](/company/team/#suprememoocow) presented our migration experience and the steps we took to make it happen. Migrations seldom go as planned but we hope that others can learn from the process. Check out the video to learn more about our journey from Azure to GCP, and find some of our key takeaways below.\n\n\u003C!-- blank line -->\n\u003Cfigure class=\"video_container\">\n  \u003Ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ve_9mbJHPXQ\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"> \u003C/iframe>\n\u003C/figure>\n\u003C!-- blank line -->\n\nThere were several reasons why we decided on the Google Cloud Platform. One top priority was that we wanted GitLab.com to be suitable for mission-critical workloads, and GCP offered the performance and consistency we needed. A second reason is that we believe [Kubernetes](/solutions/kubernetes/) is the future, especially with so much development geared toward [cloud native](/topics/cloud-native/). Another priority was price. For all of these reasons and more, Google was the clear choice as a partner going forward.\n\nOur company values are important to us and we apply them to all aspects of our work and our migration from Azure to GCP is no exception.\n\n## Three core values guided this project:\n\n###  Efficiency\n\nAt GitLab, [we love boring solutions](https://handbook.gitlab.com/handbook/values/#boring-solutions). The goal of the project was really simple: Move GitLab.com to GCP. We wanted to find the least complex and most straightforward solution to achieve this goal.\n\n### Iteration\n\nWe focus on shipping the [minimum viable change](https://handbook.gitlab.com/handbook/values/#minimal-viable-change-mvc) and work in steps. When we practice iteration, we get feedback faster, we’re able to course-correct, and we reduce cycle times.\n\n### Transparency\n\nWe work [publicly by default](https://handbook.gitlab.com/handbook/values/#public-by-default), which is why we made [this project accessible to everyone](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/migration/) and [documented our progress](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1p3Brri44_SKyakViKB-LGWCmCcwILW6z2A8a8eWFyFc/edit?usp=sharing) along the way.\n\n## How we did it\n\nLooking for the simplest solution, we considered whether we could just stop the whole site: Copy all the data from Azure to GCP, switch the DNS over to point to GCP, and then start everything up again. The problem was that we had too much data to do this within a reasonable time frame. Once we shut down the site, we'd need to copy all the data between two cloud providers, and once the copy was complete, we'd need to verify all the data (about half a petabyte) and make sure it was correct. This plan meant that GitLab.com could be down for _several days_, and considering that thousands and thousands of people rely on GitLab on a daily basis, this wouldn’t work.\n\n![GitLab Geo diagram](https://about.gitlab.com/images/gitlab_ee/gitlab_geo_diagram_migrate.png){: .medium.center}\n\nWe went back to the drawing board. We were working on another feature called [Geo](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/geo/index.html) which allows for full, read-only mirrors of GitLab instances. Besides browsing the GitLab UI, Geo instances can be used for cloning and fetching projects as well as for a planned failover to migrate GitLab instances.\n\nWe hoped that by taking advantage of the replication capabilities we were building for Geo, we could migrate the entire GitLab.com site to a secondary instance in GCP. The process might have taken weeks or months, but thankfully the site would be available throughout the synchronization process. Once all the data was synchronized to GCP, we could verify it and make sure it was correct. Finally, we could just promote the GCP environment and make it our new primary.\n\nThis new plan had many advantages over the first one. Obviously, GitLab.com would be up during the synchronization and we would only have a short period of downtime, maybe an hour or two, rather than weeks. We could do full QA, load testing, and verify all data before the failover.\n\n>\"If it could work for us on GitLab.com, it would pretty much work for any other customer who wanted to use Geo. We could be confident in that.\" - Andrew Newdigate, Infrastructure Architect at GitLab\n\n![Helm charts](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/gitlab-journey-from-azure-to-gcp/helm_charts.png){: .medium.center}\n\nWe were also working on another major project to install and run GitLab on Kubernetes. Much like Omnibus is a package installer for installing GitLab _outside_ a Kubernetes environment, GitLab’s helm charts [install GitLab inside a Kubernetes environment](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/). The plan evolved to use helm charts to install GitLab in GCP while still using Geo for replication.\n\nIt became apparent there were problems with this approach as we went along:\n\n*   The changes we needed to make to the application to allow it to become fully cloud native were extensive and required major work.\n*   The timeframes of the GCP migration and cloud native projects wouldn’t allow us to carry them out simultaneously.\n\nWe ultimately decided it would be better to postpone the move to Kubernetes until after migration to GCP.\n\nWe went to the next iteration and decided to use Omnibus to provision the new environment. We also migrated all file artifacts, including CI Artifacts, Traces (CI log files), file attachments, LFS objects and other file uploads to [Google Cloud Storage](https://cloud.google.com/storage/) (GCS), moving about 200TB of data off our Azure-based file servers into GCS. Doing this reduced the risk and the scale of the Geo migration.\n\nThe steps for the migration were now fairly straightforward:\n\n*   Set up a Geo secondary in GCP.\n*   Provision the new environment with Omnibus.\n*   Replicate all the data from GitLab.com in Azure to GCP.\n*   Test the new environment and verify all the data is correct.\n*   Failover to the GCP environment and promote it to primary.\n\nThere was only one major unknown left in this plan: The actual failover operation itself.\n\nUnfortunately, **Geo didn’t support a failover operation**, and nobody knew exactly how to do it. It was essential that we executed this perfectly, so we used our value of iteration to get it right.\n\n![GitLab failover procedure issue template](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/gitlab-journey-from-azure-to-gcp/issue_template.png){: .medium.center}\n\n*   We set up the failover procedure as an issue template in the GitLab migration issue tracker with each step as a checklist item.\n*   Every time we practiced, we created a new issue from the template and followed the checklist step by step.\n*   After each failover, we would review and consider how we could improve the process.\n*   We would submit these changes as merge requests to the issue template.\n\nThe merge requests were thoroughly reviewed before being approved by the team and through this very tight, iterative feedback loop, the checklist grew to cover every possible scenario we experienced. In the beginning, things almost never went according to plan, but with each iteration, we got better. In the end, there were _over 140 changes_ in that document before we felt confident enough to move forward with the failover. We let Google know and an amazing team was assembled to help us. The failover went smoothly and we didn't experience any major problems.\n\n## Results\n\nGoing back to the goals of the project: Did we make GitLab.com suitable for mission-critical workloads? Firstly, let's consider availability on GitLab.com.\n\n![GitLab Pingdom chart](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/gitlab-journey-from-azure-to-gcp/errors_per_day.png){: .shadow.medium.center}\n\nThis [Pingdom](https://www.pingdom.com/) graph shows the number of errors we saw per day, first in Azure and then in GCP. The average for the pre-migration period was 8.2 errors per day, while post-migration it’s down to **just one error a day**.\n\n![GitLab availability](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/gitlab-journey-from-azure-to-gcp/gitlab_availability.png){: .shadow.medium.center}\n\nLeading up to the migration, our availability was 99.61 percent. [In our October update](/blog/gitlab-com-stability-post-gcp-migration/) we were at 99.88 percent. As of April 2019, we've improved to **99.93 percent** and are on track to reach our target of 99.95 percent availability.\n\n![GitLab latency chart](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/gitlab-journey-from-azure-to-gcp/latency.png){: .shadow.medium.center}\n\nThis latency histogram compares the site performance of GitLab.com before and after moving to GCP. We took data for one week before the migration and one week after the migration. The GCP line shows us that the latencies in GCP drop off quicker, which means GitLab.com is not only faster, it’s more predictable, with fewer outlier values taking an unacceptably long time.\n\n[GitLab users have also noticed the increased stability](https://www.reddit.com/r/gitlab/comments/9f71nq/thanks_gitlab_team_for_improving_the_stability_of/), which is an encouraging sign that we've taken steps in the right direction.\n\nIt's important to note that these improvements can't be attributed to the migration alone – we explore some other contributing factors in [our October update](/blog/gitlab-com-stability-post-gcp-migration/).\n\n\n## What we learned\n\n* Having this amount of visibility into a large-scale migration project is pretty unusual, but it gave us an opportunity to put our values to the test. By opening our documentation to the world, we can collaborate and help others on their own migration journey.\n*  Working by our values gave us the ability to get the quick feedback we needed. Even though we weren’t able to use GitLab on Kubernetes during the migration, we course-corrected and came up with the right solutions.\n* We were able to see exactly how Google developers work and got an up-close look into how one of the fastest-moving companies in the world actually manages its [DevOps lifecycle](/topics/devops/). This knowledge will have a long-term impact on GitLab and how we support these organizations in the future.\n\nIf you would like to learn more about how we migrated to GCP, feel free to take a look at the **[issue tracker](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/migration/)** and our **[project documentation](http://bit.ly/2UrlU4s)**.\n",[23,24,25,26],"google","cloud 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names Bill Staples as new CEO","Co-founder Sid Sijbrandij transitions to Executive Chair of the Board.",[710],"Sid Sijbrandij","https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1749665388/Blog/Hero%20Images/Revised2.png","2024-12-05","__This message from Sid Sijbrandij and Bill Staples was shared with GitLab team members earlier today.__ \n\n__Sid:__ On today’s earnings call, I announced that I am stepping down as CEO and will remain Executive Chair of the Board. I also introduced GitLab’s new CEO, [Bill Staples](https://www.linkedin.com/in/williamstaples/). \n\nAs a Board, we routinely do succession planning. This includes conversations with a number of top executives. We’ve been having these conversations in greater earnest since my cancer returned. Through these discussions, we identified someone uniquely qualified to lead GitLab. I want more time to focus on my cancer treatment and health. My treatments are going well, my cancer is not metastatic, and I'm working towards making a full recovery. Stepping down from a role that I love is not easy, but I believe that it is the right decision for GitLab.\n\nI couldn't be more excited to introduce you to Bill Staples, who will be leading GitLab into its next chapter. Bill will be GitLab’s CEO, effective today. He will also join the GitLab Board as a Director. Bill was most recently a public company CEO at New Relic. During his time there, he significantly increased the value of the company by accelerating revenue and driving increased profitability. He also brings decades of experience in leadership roles at Adobe and Microsoft. When I began speaking with Bill, I was immediately drawn to his customer-centric approach and deep product expertise. As I got to know him further, I knew that his shared value system made him the right person for this role, for our team members, for our customers, and for our shareholders. I feel fortunate that GitLab has found someone with a great leadership track record and strong DevOps expertise to lead GitLab into the future.\n\nWe have come so far from the early days when we launched GitLab.com. We have created the DevOps category and are the leader in the Gartner Magic Quadrant for both vision and execution. Millions of people now use GitLab to deliver software faster and more efficiently. We have integrated AI, Security, and Compliance into our platform to offer our enterprise customers the strongest AI-powered DevSecOps solution. We have also built GitLab in collaboration with our contributors. Last quarter, we had an all-time high of an estimated 1,800 code contributions from the wider community. It is incredible that as GitLab grew, our contributor community grew with us. We have done all of this while being a values-driven company, leading in all-remote work, championing transparency through our public handbook and culture, and co-creating with the wider community.\n\nI feel many things today, but more than anything else, I am grateful. I want to thank our customers. Driving results for them has been at the core of GitLab’s values, and I greatly appreciate their trust in us. I want to thank the wider GitLab community for their trust and enthusiasm. Their tens of thousands of contributions have greatly enhanced GitLab and its value for all users. Thank you, GitLab team members. Your contributions are at the core of GitLab’s success and the value we drive for our customers. Thank you, E-Group. You are amazing partners and collaborators in leading GitLab and our team members to achieve our very best. Thank you, GitLab Board. I have appreciated your support throughout my time as CEO and look forward to our ongoing partnership as I continue to serve as Executive Chair. And, thank you, Bill. I am excited for you to lead our next phase of growth. I am here to support you and the company in GitLab’s next chapter!\n\nI couldn't be more thrilled about Bill and what's ahead for GitLab with him at the helm. We have an incredible opportunity in front of us. Software has never mattered more, and GitLab is well-positioned to be the platform that best enables folks to create, secure, and operate it. I look forward to staying part of the company and being actively involved wherever Bill can use me. \n\n__Bill:__ Thanks, Sid, for the warm welcome! I greatly admire you and what you have accomplished. Very few people in the world have built a $10B market-cap technology company, taken it public, and scaled it to $750M in run-rate revenue. You have done incredible things with GitLab, and I’m grateful you will continue to play a meaningful role in the company. I appreciate your trust in me and commit to building upon the successes you and others should rightfully celebrate. \n\nI am so excited about GitLab and the opportunity ahead of us. Over the coming decade, we will see software-driven transformation around the world as AI accelerates and transforms the software revolution already in motion. GitLab and our mission are going to be more important than ever. I look forward to working with this team to scale GitLab well beyond where it is today.\n",[715],"news",{"slug":717,"featured":29,"template":13},"gitlab-names-bill-staples-as-new-ceo",{"content":719,"config":727},{"title":720,"description":721,"authors":722,"heroImage":724,"date":725,"body":726,"category":9},"Our Privacy Policy has been updated","Our updated Privacy Policy clarifies our existing data processing activities.",[723],"GitLab","https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1749664472/Blog/Hero%20Images/gitlabflatlogomap.png","2023-06-14","As part of our commitment to keeping our policies current, we made some updates to our [Privacy Policy](/privacy/) on June 14, 2022.  These updates are intended to clarify our existing data processing activities and to provide information on processing that may derive from new features.  Through this update, we continue to provide transparency to our data processing activities, in line with an evolving privacy landscape.  Specifically, these policy updates include the following:\n\n- Clarification about which processing activities apply to each respective GitLab product;\n- Information about when personal data may be collected to verify someone’s identity to enable certain product features;\n- Clarification about what personal data is collected to provide a license and maintain a subscription; \n- Additional information regarding our Service Usage data collection practices, and the inclusion of certain processing activities, such as Event Analytics and Call Recordings;\n- Additional information regarding the purposes for which personal data is collected;\n- Minor updates regarding our legal basis for processing your personal data in the European Union; \n- Updates to our data retention practices for inactive accounts; \n- Clarification about how to delete your personal data at GitLab and how deletion is effectuated for public projects; \n- An additional notice that details our processing and your rights under the California Consumer Privacy Act, including CCPA metrics reporting;\n\nOverall, we believe that these updates will empower our users to make informed decisions about their personal data.  Please visit the complete text of our Privacy Policy and [Cookie Policy](/privacy/cookies/) to learn more about how GitLab processes personal data and your rights and choices regarding such processing.\n",{"slug":728,"featured":12,"template":13},"our-privacy-policy-has-been-updated",{"content":730,"config":741},{"title":731,"description":732,"authors":733,"heroImage":735,"date":736,"body":737,"category":9,"tags":738},"Rate limitations for unauthorized users of the Projects List API","Learn details about upcoming changes for unauthenticated users of the Projects List API.",[734],"Christina Lohr","https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1749664087/Blog/Hero%20Images/tanukicover.jpg","2023-04-10","\n\nStarting on May 22 for self-managed GitLab, and May 8 for GitLab.com, unauthenticated users will be subject to rate limitations when using the Projects List API. This change has been made to ensure the stability and reliability of our platform for all users.\n\n**Note:** Authorized users are not affected by this change.\n\n## What is the the Projects List API?\n\nThe Projects List API provides information about GitLab projects, including name, description, and other metadata. This API is widely used by our community, including researchers, developers, and integrators, to retrieve and analyze information about GitLab projects. We value this usage and aim to support it as much as possible.\n\n## Rate limitation details\n\nIn recent months, we have observed that the frequency and intensity of requests made by unauthenticated, also known as anonymous, users to the Projects List API have increased significantly. This has resulted in an increased load on our servers, which has impacted the performance and stability of our platform for all users. To address this issue, we have decided to introduce rate limitations for unauthenticated users.\n\nAs a consequence of this change, unauthenticated users of the Projects List API will be limited to 400 requests per 10 minutes per unique IP address on GitLab.com. If an unauthenticated user exceeds this limit, the user will receive a \"429 Too Many Requests\" response. On GitLab.com, this limit cannot be changed. Users of self-managed GitLab instances have the same rate limitation set by default, but [admins can change the rate limits](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/settings/rate_limit_on_projects_api.html#rate-limit-on-projects-api) as they see fit via the UI or the application settings API. They can also set the rate limit to zero, which acts as if there is no rate limitation at all.\n\nWe understand that this change may impact some of our users who rely on the Projects List API, and we apologize for any inconvenience this may cause. We encourage users who need to make more than 400 requests per 10 minutes to the Projects List API to [sign up for a GitLab account](/pricing/), which provides higher rate limits and other benefits, such as access to additional APIs and integrations.\n\nIf you have any questions or concerns about this change, please do not hesitate to [leave feedback in this issue](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/404611).\n",[739,740,715],"product","features",{"slug":742,"featured":12,"template":13},"rate-limitation-for-unauthorized-users-projects-list-api",{"promotions":744},[745,759,770],{"id":746,"categories":747,"header":749,"text":750,"button":751,"image":756},"ai-modernization",[748],"ai-ml","Is AI achieving its promise at scale?","Quiz will take 5 minutes or less",{"text":752,"config":753},"Get your AI maturity score",{"href":754,"dataGaName":755,"dataGaLocation":244},"/assessments/ai-modernization-assessment/","modernization assessment",{"config":757},{"src":758},"https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1772138786/qix0m7kwnd8x2fh1zq49.png",{"id":760,"categories":761,"header":762,"text":750,"button":763,"image":767},"devops-modernization",[739,559],"Are you just managing tools or shipping innovation?",{"text":764,"config":765},"Get your DevOps maturity score",{"href":766,"dataGaName":755,"dataGaLocation":244},"/assessments/devops-modernization-assessment/",{"config":768},{"src":769},"https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1772138785/eg818fmakweyuznttgid.png",{"id":771,"categories":772,"header":774,"text":750,"button":775,"image":779},"security-modernization",[773],"security","Are you trading speed for security?",{"text":776,"config":777},"Get your security maturity score",{"href":778,"dataGaName":755,"dataGaLocation":244},"/assessments/security-modernization-assessment/",{"config":780},{"src":781},"https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1772138786/p4pbqd9nnjejg5ds6mdk.png",{"header":783,"blurb":784,"button":785,"secondaryButton":790},"Start building faster today","See what your team can do with the intelligent orchestration platform for DevSecOps.\n",{"text":786,"config":787},"Get your free trial",{"href":788,"dataGaName":51,"dataGaLocation":789},"https://gitlab.com/-/trial_registrations/new?glm_content=default-saas-trial&glm_source=about.gitlab.com/","feature",{"text":495,"config":791},{"href":55,"dataGaName":56,"dataGaLocation":789},1772652070789]