[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":792},["ShallowReactive",2],{"/en-us/blog/gitlab-pg-upgrade":3,"navigation-en-us":35,"banner-en-us":435,"footer-en-us":445,"blog-post-authors-en-us-Jose Finotto":687,"blog-related-posts-en-us-gitlab-pg-upgrade":701,"assessment-promotions-en-us":743,"next-steps-en-us":782},{"id":4,"title":5,"authorSlugs":6,"body":8,"categorySlug":9,"config":10,"content":14,"description":8,"extension":24,"isFeatured":12,"meta":25,"navigation":26,"path":27,"publishedDate":20,"seo":28,"stem":32,"tagSlugs":33,"__hash__":34},"blogPosts/en-us/blog/gitlab-pg-upgrade.yml","Gitlab Pg Upgrade",[7],"jose-finotto",null,"engineering",{"slug":11,"featured":12,"template":13},"gitlab-pg-upgrade",false,"BlogPost",{"title":15,"description":16,"authors":17,"heroImage":19,"date":20,"body":21,"category":9,"tags":22},"How we upgraded PostgreSQL at GitLab.com","We explain the precise maintenance process to execute a major version upgrade of PostgreSQL.",[18],"Jose Finotto","https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1749668002/Blog/Hero%20Images/pg-gear.jpg","2020-09-11","\n\nWe teamed up with [OnGres](https://ongres.com/) to [perform a major version upgrade of GitLab.com's main Postgres cluster from version 9.6 to 11](https://status.gitlab.com/pages/maintenance/5b36dc6502d06804c08349f7/5ea322c1d1097004ba30d227) back in May 2020. We upgraded it during a maintenance window, and it all went according to plan. We unpack all that was involved – from planning, testing, and full process automation – to achieve a near-perfect execution of the PostgreSQL upgrade. The full operation was recorded and you can [watch it on GitLab Unfiltered](https://youtu.be/TKODwTtKWew).\n\nThe biggest challenge was to do a complete fleet major upgrade through an orchestrated [pg_upgrade](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/pgupgrade.html). We needed to have a rollback plan to optimize our capacity right after [Recovery Time Objective (RTO)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disaster_recovery) while maintaining a 12-node cluster’s 6TB-data consistent serving 300.000 aggregated transactions per second from around six million users.\n\nThe best way to resolve an engineering challenge is to follow the blueprints and design docs. In the process of creating the blueprint, you define the problem that we are attempting to solve, evaluate the most suitable solutions, and consider the pros and cons of each solution. Here is a [link](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/readiness/-/tree/master/library/database/postgres/Postgresql-upgrade/blueprint/) to the blueprint from the project.\n\nAfter the blueprint comes the design process. The implementation is detailed in the design process, where we explain the steps and requirements involved in executing the design. The design doc from the project is [linked here](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/readiness/-/tree/master/library/database/postgres/Postgresql-upgrade/design).\n\n## Why we upgraded PostgreSQL\n\nWe made a business decision in GitLab 13.0 to discontinue support for Postgresql 10.0. PostgreSQL version 9.6 is becoming EOL in November 2021, so we needed to take action.\n\nHere are some of the main differences in features [between PostgreSQL versions 9.6 and 11](https://why-upgrade.depesz.com/show?from=9.6.18&to=11.7&keywords=):\n\n * Native table partitioning, supporting LIST, RANGE, and HASH.\n * Transaction supporting in stored procedures.\n * [Just-in-time (JIT) compilation](https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/1894/) for accelerating the execution of expressions in queries.\n * Query parallelism improvements and adds parallelized data definition capabilities.\n * The new PostgreSQL version comes with the \"[Logical Replication - A publish/subscribe framework for distributing data](https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/1786/)\" that was introduced in version 10. This feature enables smoother future upgrades and simplifies other relevant processes.\n * Quorum-based commit that would ensure our transactions are committed in the specified nodes from the cluster.\n * Improved performance for queries over partitioned tables\n\n## The environment and architecture\n\nThe infrastructure capacity of the PostgreSQL cluster consisted of 12 n1-highmem-96 GCP instances for OLTP and asynchronous pipelines purposes – plus two BI nodes within different specs, each one with 96 CPU cores and 614GB RAM. The cluster HA is managed and configured through [Patroni](https://github.com/zalando/patroni), which keeps a consistent leader election through a Consul cluster and all its replicas working with asynchronous streaming replication using replication slots and WAL shipping against a GCS storage bucket.\nOur setup currently uses Patroni HA solution, which constantly gathers critical information about the cluster, leader detection, and node availability. It is implemented using key features from Consul, such as DNS service, which in turn updates PgBouncer endpoints, keeping a different architecture for traffic read-write and read-only.\n\n![GitLab.com Architecture](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/pg-up-arch.png)\n[GitLab.com architecture](https://handbook.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/infrastructure/production/architecture/#database-architecture)\n\n\nFor HA purposes, two of the replicas are out of the read-only server list pool, used by the API, and served by Consul DNS. After several enhancements to Gitlab's architecture, we were able to downscale the fleet to seven nodes.\n\nFurthermore, the entire cluster handles a weekly average of approximately 181,000 transactions per second. As the image below indicates, the traffic increases on Monday and maintains the throughput during the week right up to Friday/Saturday. The traffic data was critical to set up a proper maintenance window so we can impact the fewest users.\n\n![GitLab.com Connection Numbers](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/pg-up-prom1.png)\nNumber of connections at GitLab.com\n\n\nThe fleet is reaching 250,000 transactions per second in the busiest hours of the day.\n\n![GitLab.com Commits](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/pg-up-prom2.png)\nThe number of commits at GitLab.com.\n\n\nIt is also handling spikes of 300,000 transactions per second. GitLab.com is reaching 60,000 connections per second.\n\n## Our upgrade requirements\n\nWe established a number of requirements before proceeding with the upgrade at production.\n\n * No regressions should be on PostgreSQL 11. We developed a custom benchmark to perform extensive regression testing. The goal was to identify potential query performance degradation in PostgreSQL 11.\n * The upgrade should be done across the whole fleet within the maintenance window.\n * Use pg_upgrade which relies on physical, and not logical, replication.\n * Keep a 9.6 cluster sample: Not all the nodes should be upgraded, a few of them should be left in 9.6 as a rollback procedure.\n * The upgrade should be fully automated to reduce the chance of any human error.\n * Only 30 minutes of maintenance threshold time for all the database upgrades.\n * The upgrade will be recorded and published.\n\n## The project\n\nTo accomplish a smooth execution in production, the project had the following phases:\n\n### Phase one: Develop automation in a isolated environment\n\n* Develop the [ansible-playbook](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/db-migration/-/tree/master/pg-upgrade) and test on a PostgreSQL environment (created using a back-up from staging) for these tests.\n* We used a separate environment to have the freedom to stop, initiate or restore the backup at any time, to focus on the development, and be able to restore an environment shortly before the upgrade.\n* We used a backup from staging to get the upgrade project in contact with the environment, where we faced some challenges such as migrating the procedures that are different for monitoring in our database.\n\n### Phase two: Integrate development with our configuration management in staging\n\n* Integrate with our configuration management in Chef, and execute a snapshot from the database disk that could be used in a restore scenario.\n* We told our customers that we would schedule a maintenance window with the goals of having the least impact possible on their work and to execute a safe upgrade without any risk of data loss.\n* After iterating and testing the integration to our configuration management we started to execute end-to-end tests in staging. Those tests were announced internally, so the other teams that share this environment would know that staging would be unavailable for a period of time.\n\n### Phase three: Test the upgrade end-to-end in staging\n\n * Pre-flight checks on the environment. We sometimes found problems with credentials or made tiny adjustments to improve the efficiency of our tests.\n * Stop all the applications and traffic to GitLab.com, add a maintenance mode in CloudFlare and HA-proxy, and stop all the applications that accessed the database, sidekiq, workhorse, WEB-API, etc.\n * Upgrade three nodes from the six node cluster. We had a similar strategy in production with a rollback scenario in mind.\n * Execute the ansible-playbook for the PostgreSQL upgrade, first on the leader database node, and after on the secondaries nodes.\n * Regarding post upgrade: We executed some automated tests in our ansible-playbook, checking that the replication and data were consistent.\n * Next, we started the applications to enable our QA team to execute several tests suites. They executed local unit tests on the upgraded database. We investigated negative results.\n * Once we finished the test we stopped the applications again to restore the staging cluster to version 9.6 and shut down the upgraded nodes to version 11, and started the old cluster. Where Patroni will promote one of the nodes, start the applications and the cluster could receive the traffic back. We restored the Chef configuration to the cluster 9.6 and rebuilt those databases to have six nodes ready for the next test.\n\nWe executed seven tests in staging in total, iterating to perfect the team's execution.\n\n### Phase four: Upgrade in production\n\nIn production, the steps were very similar to staging, and our plan was to have eight nodes migrated and four left behind as a backup:\n\n * Execute the pre-checks for the project.\n * Announce the start of the maintenance.\n * Execute the ansible-playbook to stop the traffic and application.\n * Execute the ansible-playbook to carry out the PostgreSQL upgrade.\n * Start the validation tests and restore the traffic. We performed the minimum amount of tests required, so we could fit everything in the narrow maintenance window.\n\nThe rollback plan would only be called in case of any problems with the database consistency, or errors in the QA test. The steps included:\n\n * Stop the cluster with PostgreSQL 11.\n * Restore the configuration in Chef to PostgreSQL 9.6.\n * Initialize the cluster with the four nodes in version 9.6. With these four nodes, we could restore the activity for GitLab.com when traffic was quieter.\n * Start receiving traffic – with this approach we could minimize downtime.\n * Recreate the other nodes using disk snapshot image that were taken during the maintenance and before the upgrade.\n\nAll the steps of the upgrade are detailed in the template used to execute the project.\n\n## How pg_upgrade works\n\nThe [pg_upgrade](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/pgupgrade.html) process allows us to upgrade data files from PostgreSQL to a later PostgreSQL major version, without using a dump/reload strategy which would require more downtime.\n\nAs explained in the [official PostgreSQL documentation](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/pgupgrade.html), the pg_upgrade tool avoids performing the dump/restore method to upgrade the PostgreSQL version. There are some important details to review before proceeding with this tool. Major PostgreSQL releases add new features that often change the layout of the system tables, but the internal data storage format rarely changes. If a major release changes the data storage format, pg_upgrade could not be used, so we must verify what changes were included between the major versions.\n\nIt is important that any external modules are also binary-compatible, though this cannot be checked by pg_upgrade. For the GitLab upgrade, we uninstalled views/extensions such as [postgres_exporter](https://github.com/wrouesnel/postgres_exporter) before the upgrade, to recreate them after the upgrade (with slight modifications for compatibility reasons).\n\nBefore performing the upgrade, the new version binaries have to be installed. The new binaries from PostgreSQL and extensions were installed in the set of hosts, that were listed to be upgraded.\n\nThere are some options when using pg_upgrade. We chose to use pg_upgrade's link mode on the Leader node because of our narrow, two-hour maintenance window. This method avoids copying the 6TB data files by hard linking files through [inode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inode). The drawback is the old data cluster could not be rolled back to 9.6. We provided a rollback path via the replicas kept in 9.6 and GCP snapshots as a secondary choice.\nRebuilding the replicas from scratch was not an option either so we used rsync to upgrade them using incremental features. pg_upgrade's documentation says: \"From a directory on the primary server that is above the old and new database cluster directories, run this on the primary for each standby server\".\n\nThe ansible-playbook implemented this step by having a task from the leader node to each replica, triggering the rsync command from the parent directory of both new and old datadirs.\n\n## Regression testing benchmarks\n\nAny migration or database upgrade requires a regression test before performing the final production upgrade. For the team, the database test was a key step in this process, executing performance tests based on the query load from production, captured in the table pg_stat_statements. These were executed in the same dataset - once for the 9.6 version and another iteration for version 11. The process was captured in the following public issues:\n\n * [Preparing the tool](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/infrastructure/-/issues/7817)\n * [Creating the test environment](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/infrastructure/-/issues/9177)\n * [Capacity planning](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/infrastructure/-/issues/9094)\n * [Run the benchmark with JMeter tool](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/infrastructure/-/issues/9545)\n\nFinally, based on OnGres work on this benchmark, GitLab will be following up with a new benchmark test for the future:\n\n * [Capacity assessment for our main production DB cluster](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/infrastructure/-/issues/10258)\n * [Database capacity and saturation analysis](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/infrastructure/-/issues/10340)\n\n### The upgrade process: automate everything\n\nDuring the upgrade project, the upgrade teams have a strong commitment to Infrastructure as Code (IaC) and automation: All the processes had to be fully automated in order to keep any human error to a minimum during the maintenance window. All the steps for pg_upgrade execution are detailed at this [Gitlab pg_upgrade template issue](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/db-migration/-/blob/master/.gitlab/issue_templates/pg_upgrade.md).\n\nThe GitLab.com environment is managed by Terraform and Chef. All the automation for the upgrade was scripted via Ansible 2.9 playbooks and roles, where we used two ansible-playbooks to automate the upgrade:\n\nOne [ansible-playbook](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/ansible-migrations/-/tree/master/maintenance-mode) controlled the traffic and the applications:\n\n * Put Cloudflare in maintenance and do not receive traffic.\n * Stop HA-proxy\n * Stop the middleware that accesses the database:\n   * Sidekiq\n   * Workhorse\n   * WEB-API\n\nThe second [ansible-playbook](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/db-migration/-/tree/master/pg-upgrade) executed the upgrade process:\n\n * Orchestrate all the database and pools traffic\n * Control Patroni cluster and Consul instances\n * Execute the upgrade on the primary and secondary nodes\n * Collect statistics after the upgrade\n * Synchronize the changes using Chef to keep the integrity with our configuration management\n * Verify the integrity and status of the cluster\n * Execute a GCP snapshot\n * Possible rollback process\n\nThe playbook was run interactively task by task, providing the operator with the ability to skip or pause in any given execution point. Every step was reviewed by all the teams that participated in the tests and iterations in staging for the upgrade.\nThe staging environment allowed us to rehearse and find issues using the same procedure that we planned to use in production. After executing and iterating the automated process in staging we reached a quasi-flawless upgrade of PostgreSQL 9.6 to version 11.\n\nTo complete the release, the QA GitLab team reported errors that happened on some of the tests. Find the reference for this work in [this issue note](https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-com/gl-infra/-/epics/106#note_332170837).\n\n### Pre-upgrade steps of the PostgreSQL\n\nThe first part of the process was the \"pre-upgrade\" section, which deals with the instances reserved for rollback purposes. We did the corresponding analysis to ensure that the new cluster could start with eight out of 12 instances of the fleet without losing throughput, reserving four instances for a potential rollback scenario - where they could be brought as a 9.6 cluster via standard Patroni cluster synchronization.\n\nIt was necessary also in this phase to stop Postgres-dependent services, such as PgBouncer, Chef Client, and Patroni services.\n\nBefore proceeding with the upgrade itself, Patroni had to be signaled to avoid any spurious leader election, take a consistent backup through GCP Snapshots (using corresponding [low-level backup API](https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com/en/exclusive-backup-deprecated-what-now/?gclid=CjwKCAjwltH3BRB6EiwAhj0IUBjiSxBdmS11SUpITLCmk-oPkBa7udOWyA6bK6hig8neaiJc8n1WexoCq8UQAvD_BwE)) and apply the new settings via Chef run.\n\n### The upgrade phase of the PostgreSQL\n\nFirst, we stopped all the nodes.\n\nWe executed these checks:\n\n* pg_upgrade's version check\n* Verify that all the nodes were synchronized and not receiving any traffic.\n\nOnce the primary node data was upgraded, an rsync process was triggered for syncing the data with the replicas. After the upgrade was done, the Patroni service was started up and all the replicas caught up easily with the new cluster configuration.\n\nThe binaries were installed by Chef and the setup of the new cluster on the version was defined in the same MR that would install the extensions used in the database, from GitLab.com.\n\nThe last stage involved resuming the traffic, running an earlier vacuum and finally starting the PgBouncer and Chef Client services.\n\n### The migration day\n\nFinally, fully prepared to perform the production upgrade, the team met on that Sunday (night time for some, and early morning for others) at 08:45 AM UTC. The service would be down for a max of two hours. When the last announcements were sent, the enginering team was given permission to start the procedure.\n\nThe upgrade process began by stopping the traffic and related services, to avoid users getting into the site.\n\nThe graph below shows the traffic and HTTP stats of the service before the upgrade, during the maintenance period (the \"gap\" in the graphs) and after, when the traffic was resumed.\n\n![GitLab.com Commits](https://about.gitlab.com/images/blogimages/pg-up-traf.png)\nGraphs of the traffic on GitLab.com before and after the upgrade maintenance.\n\n\nThe total elapsed time to do the entire job was four hours, it only required [two hours of downtime](https://status.gitlab.com/pages/maintenance/5b36dc6502d06804c08349f7/5ea322c1d1097004ba30d227).\n\n## It's on video\n\nWe recorded the full PostgreSQL upgrade and posted it to GitLab Unfiltered. Warm up the popcorn 🍿\n\n\u003C!-- blank line -->\n\u003Cfigure class=\"video_container\">\n  \u003Ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/TKODwTtKWew\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\"> \u003C/iframe>\n\u003C/figure>\n\u003C!-- blank line -->\n\n\nThanks to [Alvaro Hernandez](https://twitter.com/ahachete) and [Sergio Ostapowicz](https://twitter.com/Cepxio_OS) for co-authoring this blog post, as well as the [OnGres team](https://ongres.com) for their contributions and performing the upgrade with the GitLab team.\n\n## References\n\nThe issues used to coordinate this project are public:\n\n* [Upgrade Postgresql to version 11.7 on GitLab.com](https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-com/gl-infra/-/epics/106)\n* [Execute PostgreSQL upgrade on staging](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/infrastructure/-/issues/9592)\n* [OnGres Inc on Twitter](https://twitter.com/ongresinc/status/1259441563614273537)\n* [Scheduled maintenance at GitLab.com](https://status.gitlab.com/pages/maintenance/5b36dc6502d06804c08349f7/5ea322c1d1097004ba30d227)\n\nCover image by [Tim Mossholder](https://unsplash.com/@timmossholder) on [Unsplash](https://unsplash.com/photos/GmvH5v9l3K4)\n\n",[23],"production","yml",{},true,"/en-us/blog/gitlab-pg-upgrade",{"title":15,"description":16,"ogTitle":15,"ogDescription":16,"noIndex":12,"ogImage":19,"ogUrl":29,"ogSiteName":30,"ogType":31,"canonicalUrls":29},"https://about.gitlab.com/blog/gitlab-pg-upgrade","https://about.gitlab.com","article","en-us/blog/gitlab-pg-upgrade",[23],"OqcdV1QnLMwQ9l60XkO4WDRdtKmOrxIqpxtvMC4J2oQ",{"data":36},{"logo":37,"freeTrial":42,"sales":47,"login":52,"items":57,"search":365,"minimal":396,"duo":415,"pricingDeployment":425},{"config":38},{"href":39,"dataGaName":40,"dataGaLocation":41},"/","gitlab logo","header",{"text":43,"config":44},"Get free 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statement",{"items":677},[678,681,684],{"text":679,"config":680},"Terms",{"href":505,"dataGaName":506,"dataGaLocation":453},{"text":682,"config":683},"Cookies",{"dataGaName":515,"dataGaLocation":453,"id":516,"isOneTrustButton":26},{"text":685,"config":686},"Privacy",{"href":510,"dataGaName":511,"dataGaLocation":453},[688],{"id":689,"title":18,"body":8,"config":690,"content":692,"description":8,"extension":24,"meta":696,"navigation":26,"path":697,"seo":698,"stem":699,"__hash__":700},"blogAuthors/en-us/blog/authors/jose-finotto.yml",{"template":691},"BlogAuthor",{"name":18,"config":693},{"headshot":694,"ctfId":695},"","finotto",{},"/en-us/blog/authors/jose-finotto",{},"en-us/blog/authors/jose-finotto","KkD3h-m2sQFEopkmLv3i2Jds0cLksj24-x7ZnUJXNyQ",[702,715,727],{"content":703,"config":713},{"title":704,"description":705,"authors":706,"heroImage":708,"date":709,"category":9,"tags":710,"body":712},"How IIT Bombay students are coding the future with GitLab","At GitLab, we often talk about how software accelerates innovation. But sometimes, you have to step away from the Zoom calls and stand in a crowded university hall to remember why we do this.",[707],"Nick Veenhof","https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1750099013/Blog/Hero%20Images/Blog/Hero%20Images/blog-image-template-1800x945%20%2814%29_6VTUA8mUhOZNDaRVNPeKwl_1750099012960.png","2026-01-08",[257,609,711],"open source","The GitLab team recently had the privilege of judging the **iHack Hackathon** at **IIT Bombay's E-Summit**. The energy was electric, the coffee was flowing, and the talent was undeniable. But what struck us most wasn't just the code — it was the sheer determination of students to solve real-world problems, often overcoming significant logistical and financial hurdles to simply be in the room.\n\n\nThrough our [GitLab for Education program](https://about.gitlab.com/solutions/education/), we aim to empower the next generation of developers with tools and opportunity. Here is a look at what the students built, and how they used GitLab to bridge the gap between idea and reality.\n\n## The challenge: Build faster, build securely\n\nThe premise for the GitLab track of the hackathon was simple: Don't just show us a product; show us how you built it. We wanted to see how students utilized GitLab's platform — from Issue Boards to CI/CD pipelines — to accelerate the development lifecycle.\n\nThe results were inspiring.\n\n## The winners\n\n### 1st place: Team Decode — Democratizing Scientific Research\n\n**Project:** FIRE (Fast Integrated Research Environment)\n\nTeam Decode took home the top prize with a solution that warms a developer's heart: a local-first, blazing-fast data processing tool built with [Rust](https://about.gitlab.com/blog/secure-rust-development-with-gitlab/) and Tauri. They identified a massive pain point for data science students: existing tools are fragmented, slow, and expensive.\n\nTheir solution, FIRE, allows researchers to visualize complex formats (like NetCDF) instantly. What impressed the judges most was their \"hacker\" ethos. They didn't just build a tool; they built it to be open and accessible.\n\n**How they used GitLab:** Since the team lived far apart, asynchronous communication was key. They utilized **GitLab Issue Boards** and **Milestones** to track progress and integrated their repo with Telegram to get real-time push notifications. As one team member noted, \"Coordinating all these technologies was really difficult, and what helped us was GitLab... the Issue Board really helped us track who was doing what.\"\n\n![Team Decode](https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1767380253/epqazj1jc5c7zkgqun9h.jpg)\n\n### 2nd place: Team BichdeHueDost — Reuniting to Solve Payments\n\n**Project:** SemiPay (RFID Cashless Payment for Schools)\n\nThe team name, BichdeHueDost, translates to \"Friends who have been set apart.\" It's a fitting name for a group of friends who went to different colleges but reunited to build this project. They tackled a unique problem: handling cash in schools for young children. Their solution used RFID cards backed by a blockchain ledger to ensure secure, cashless transactions for students.\n\n**How they used GitLab:** They utilized [GitLab CI/CD](https://about.gitlab.com/topics/ci-cd/) to automate the build process for their Flutter application (APK), ensuring that every commit resulted in a testable artifact. This allowed them to iterate quickly despite the \"flaky\" nature of cross-platform mobile development.\n\n![Team BichdeHueDost](https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1767380253/pkukrjgx2miukb6nrj5g.jpg)\n\n### 3rd place: Team ZenYukti — Agentic Repository Intelligence\n\n**Project:** RepoInsight AI (AI-powered, GitLab-native intelligence platform)\n\nTeam ZenYukti impressed us with a solution that tackles a universal developer pain point: understanding unfamiliar codebases. What stood out to the judges was the tool's practical approach to onboarding and code comprehension: RepoInsight-AI automatically generates documentation, visualizes repository structure, and even helps identify bugs, all while maintaining context about the entire codebase.\n\n**How they used GitLab:** The team built a comprehensive CI/CD pipeline that showcased GitLab's security and DevOps capabilities. They integrated [GitLab's Security Templates](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/tree/master/lib/gitlab/ci/templates/Security) (SAST, Dependency Scanning, and Secret Detection), and utilized [GitLab Container Registry](https://docs.gitlab.com/user/packages/container_registry/) to manage their Docker images for backend and frontend components. They created an AI auto-review bot that runs on merge requests, demonstrating an \"agentic workflow\" where AI assists in the development process itself.\n\n![Team ZenYukti](https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1767380253/ymlzqoruv5al1secatba.jpg)\n\n## Beyond the code: A lesson in inclusion\n\nWhile the code was impressive, the most powerful moment of the event happened away from the keyboard.\n\nDuring the feedback session, we learned about the journey Team ZenYukti took to get to Mumbai. They traveled over 24 hours, covering nearly 1,800 kilometers. Because flights were too expensive and trains were booked, they traveled in the \"General Coach,\" a non-reserved, severely overcrowded carriage.\n\nAs one student described it:\n\n*\"You cannot even imagine something like this... there are no seats... people sit on the top of the train. This is what we have endured.\"*\n\nThis hit home. [Diversity, Inclusion, and Belonging](https://handbook.gitlab.com/handbook/company/culture/inclusion/) are core values at GitLab. We realized that for these students, the barrier to entry wasn't intellect or skill, it was access.\n\nIn that moment, we decided to break that barrier. We committed to reimbursing the travel expenses for the participants who struggled to get there. It's a small step, but it underlines a massive truth: **talent is distributed equally, but opportunity is not.**\n\n![hackathon class together](https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1767380252/o5aqmboquz8ehusxvgom.jpg)\n\n### The future is bright (and automated)\n\nWe also saw incredible potential in teams like Prometheus, who attempted to build an autonomous patch remediation tool (DevGuardian), and Team Arrakis, who built a voice-first job portal for blue-collar workers using [GitLab Duo](https://about.gitlab.com/gitlab-duo/) to troubleshoot their pipelines.\n\nTo all the students who participated: You are the future. Through [GitLab for Education](https://about.gitlab.com/solutions/education/), we are committed to providing you with the top-tier tools (like GitLab Ultimate) you need to learn, collaborate, and change the world — whether you are coding from a dorm room, a lab, or a train carriage. **Keep shipping.**\n\n> :bulb: Learn more about the [GitLab for Education program](https://about.gitlab.com/solutions/education/).\n",{"slug":714,"featured":12,"template":13},"how-iit-bombay-students-code-future-with-gitlab",{"content":716,"config":725},{"title":717,"description":718,"authors":719,"heroImage":720,"date":721,"category":9,"tags":722,"body":724},"Artois University elevates research and curriculum with GitLab Ultimate for Education","Artois University's CRIL leveraged the GitLab for Education program to gain free access to Ultimate, transforming advanced research and computer science curricula.",[707],"https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1750099203/Blog/Hero%20Images/Blog/Hero%20Images/blog-image-template-1800x945%20%2820%29_2bJGC5ZP3WheoqzlLT05C5_1750099203484.png","2025-12-10",[609,257,723],"product","Leading academic institutions face a critical challenge: how to provide thousands of students and researchers with industry-standard, **full-featured DevSecOps tools** without compromising institutional control. Many start with basic version control, but the modern curriculum demands integrated capabilities for planning, security, and advanced CI/CD.\n\nThe **GitLab for Education program** is designed to solve this by providing access to **GitLab Ultimate** for qualifying institutions, allowing them to scale their operations and elevate their academic offerings. \n\nThis article showcases a powerful success story from the **Centre de Recherche en Informatique de Lens (CRIL)**, a joint laboratory of **Artois University** and CNRS in France. After years of relying solely on GitLab Community Edition (CE), the university's move to GitLab Ultimate through the GitLab for Education program immediately unlocked advanced capabilities, transforming their teaching, research, and contribution workflows virtually overnight. This story demonstrates why GitLab Ultimate is essential for institutions seeking to deliver advanced computer science and research curricula.\n\n## GitLab Ultimate unlocked: Managing scale and driving academic value\n\n**Artois University's** self-managed GitLab instance is a large-scale operation, supporting nearly **3,000 users** across approximately **19,000 projects**, primarily serving computer science students and researchers. While GitLab Community Edition was robust, the upgrade to GitLab Ultimate provided the sophisticated tooling necessary for managing this scale and facilitating advanced university-level work.\n\n***\"We can see the difference,\" says Daniel Le Berre, head of research at CRIL and the instance maintainer. \"It's a completely different product. Each week reveals new features that directly enhance our productivity and teaching.\"***\n\nThe institution joined the GitLab for Education program specifically because it covers both **instructional and non-commercial research use cases** and offers full access to Ultimate's features, removing significant cost barriers.\n\n### Key GitLab Ultimate benefits for students and researchers\n\n* **Advanced project management at scale:** Master's students now benefit from **GitLab Ultimate's project planning features**. This enables them to structure, track, and manage complex, long-term research projects using professional methodologies like portfolio management and advanced issue tracking that seamlessly roll up across their thousands of projects.\n\n* **Enhanced visibility:** Features like improved dashboards and code previews directly in Markdown files dramatically streamline tracking and documentation review, reducing administrative friction for both instructors and students managing large project loads.\n\n## Comprehensive curriculum: From concepts to continuous delivery\n\nGitLab Ultimate is deeply integrated into the computer science curriculum, moving students beyond simple `git` commands to practical **DevSecOps implementation**.\n\n* **Git fundamentals:** Students begin by visualizing concepts using open-source tools to master Git concepts.\n\n* **Full CI/CD implementation:** Students use GitLab CI for rigorous **Test-Driven Development (TDD)** in their software projects. They learn to build, test, and perform quality assurance using unit and integration testing pipelines—core competency made seamless by the integrated platform.\n\n* **DevSecOps for research and documentation:** The university teaches students that DevSecOps principles are vital for all collaborative work. Inspired by earlier work in Delft, students manage and produce critical research documentation (PDFs from Markdown files) using GitLab, incorporating quality checks like linters and spell checks directly in the CI pipeline. This ensures high-quality, reproducible research output.\n\n* **Future-proofing security skills:** The GitLab Ultimate platform immediately positions the institution to incorporate advanced DevSecOps features like SAST and DAST scanning as their research and development code projects grow, ensuring students are prepared for industry security standards.\n\n## Accelerating open source contributions with GitLab Duo\n\nAccess to the full GitLab platform, including our AI capabilities, has empowered students to make impactful contributions to the wider open source community faster than ever before.\n\nTwo Master's students recently completed direct contributions to the GitLab product, adding the **ORCID identifier** into user profiles. Working on GitLab.com, they leveraged **GitLab Duo's AI chat and code suggestions** to navigate the codebase efficiently.\n\n***\"This would not have been possible without GitLab Duo,\" Daniel Le Berre notes. \"The AI features helped students, who might have lacked deep codebase knowledge, deliver meaningful contributions in just two weeks.\"***\n\nThis demonstrates how providing students with cutting-edge tools **accelerates their learning and impact**, allowing them to translate classroom knowledge into real-world contributions immediately.\n\n## Empowering open research and institutional control\n\nThe stability of the self-managed instance at Artois University is key to its success. This model guarantees **institutional control and stability** — a critical factor for long-term research preservation.\n\nThe institution's expertise in this area was recently highlighted in a major 2024 study led by CRIL, titled: \"[Higher Education and Research Forges in France - Definition, uses, limitations encountered and needs analysis](https://hal.science/hal-04208924v4)\" ([Project on GitLab](https://gitlab.in2p3.fr/coso-college-codes-sources-et-logiciels/forges-esr-en)). The research found that the vast majority of public forges in French Higher Education and Research relied on **GitLab**. This finding underscores the consensus among academic leaders that self-hosted solutions are essential for **data control and longevity**, especially when compared to relying on external, commercial forges.\n\n## Unlock GitLab Ultimate for your institution today\n\nThe success story of **Artois University's CRIL** proves the transformative power of the GitLab for Education program. By providing **free access to GitLab Ultimate**, we enable large-scale institutions to:\n\n1.  **Deliver a modern, integrated DevSecOps curriculum.**\n\n2.  **Support advanced, collaborative research projects with Ultimate planning features.**\n\n3.  **Empower students to make AI-assisted open source contributions.**\n\n4.  **Maintain institutional control and data longevity.**\n\nIf your academic institution is ready to equip its students and researchers with the complete DevSecOps platform and its most advanced features, we invite you to join the program.\n\nThe program provides **free access to GitLab Ultimate** for qualifying instructional and non-commercial research use cases.\n\n**Apply now [online](https://about.gitlab.com/solutions/education/join/).**\n",{"slug":726,"featured":26,"template":13},"artois-university-elevates-curriculum-with-gitlab-ultimate-for-education",{"content":728,"config":741},{"category":9,"tags":729,"body":732,"date":733,"updatedDate":734,"heroImage":735,"authors":736,"title":739,"description":740},[730,731,104],"tutorial","git","\nEnterprise teams are increasingly migrating from Azure DevOps to GitLab to gain strategic advantages and accelerate secure software delivery. \n\n\n- GitLab comes with integrated controls, policies, and [compliance frameworks](https://docs.gitlab.com/user/compliance/compliance_frameworks/) that allow organizations to implement software delivery standards at scale. This is especially important for regulated industries.\n\n- [Security testing](https://docs.gitlab.com/user/application_security/) is embedded in the pipeline and results show in the developer workflow, including static application security testing (SAST), source code analysis (SCA), dynamic application security testing (DAST), infrastructure-as-code scanning (IaC), container scanning, and API scanning.\n\n- [AI capabilities](https://about.gitlab.com/gitlab-duo-agent-platform/) across the full software delivery lifecycle include advanced agent orchestration and customizable flows to support how your organizational teams work.\n\n\nGitLab's open-source, open-core approach, flexible deployment options such as single-tenant dedicated and self-managed, and truly unified platform eliminate integration complexity and security gaps. \n\n\nFor teams facing mounting pressure to accelerate delivery while strengthening security posture and maintaining regulatory compliance, GitLab represents not just a migration but a platform evolution.\n\n\nMigrating from Azure DevOps to GitLab can seem like a daunting task, but with the right approach and tools, it can be a smooth and efficient process. This guide will walk you through the steps needed to successfully migrate your projects, repositories, and pipelines from Azure DevOps to GitLab.\n\n\n## Overview\n\nGitLab provides both [Congregate](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/professional-services-automation/tools/migration/congregate/) (maintained by [GitLab Professional Services](https://about.gitlab.com/professional-services/) organization) and [a built-in Git repository import](https://docs.gitlab.com/user/project/import/repo_by_url/) for migrating projects from Azure DevOps (ADO). These options support repository-by-repository or bulk migration and preserve git commit history, branches, and tags. With Congregate and professional services tools, we support additional assets such as wikis, work items, CI/CD variables, container images, packages, pipelines, and more (see this [feature matrix](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/professional-services-automation/tools/migration/congregate/-/blob/master/customer/ado-migration-features-matrix.md)). Use this guide to plan and execute your migration and complete post-migration follow-up tasks.\n\n\nEnterprises migrating from ADO to GitLab commonly follow a multi-phase approach:\n\n\n- Migrate repositories from ADO to GitLab using Congregate or GitLab's built-in repository migration.\n\n- Migrate pipelines from Azure Pipelines to GitLab CI/CD.\n\n- Migrate remaining assets such as boards, work items, and artifacts to GitLab Issues, Epics, and the Package and Container Registries.\n\n\nHigh-level migration phases:\n\n\n```mermaid\ngraph LR\n    subgraph Prerequisites\n        direction TB\n        A[\"Set up identity provider (IdP) and\u003Cbr/>provision users\"]\n        A --> B[\"Set up runners and\u003Cbr/>third-party integrations\"]\n        B --> I[\"Users enablement and\u003Cbr/>change management\"]\n    end\n    \n    subgraph MigrationPhase[\"Migration phase\"]\n        direction TB\n        C[\"Migrate source code\"]\n        C --> D[\"Preserve contributions and\u003Cbr/> format history\"]\n        D --> E[\"Migrate work items and\u003Cbr/>map to \u003Ca href=\"https://docs.gitlab.com/topics/plan_and_track/\">GitLab Plan \u003Cbr/>and track work\"]\n    end\n    \n    subgraph PostMigration[\"Post-migration steps\"]\n        direction TB\n        F[\"Create or translate \u003Cbr/>ADO pipelines to GitLab CI\"]\n        F --> G[\"Migrate other assets\u003Cbr/>packages and container images\"]\n        G --> H[\"Introduce \u003Ca href=\"https://docs.gitlab.com/user/application_security/secure_your_application/\">security\u003C/a> and\u003Cbr/>SDLC improvements\"]\n    end\n    \n    Prerequisites --> MigrationPhase\n    MigrationPhase --> PostMigration\n\n    style A fill:#FC6D26\n    style B fill:#FC6D26\n    style I fill:#FC6D26\n    style C fill:#8C929D\n    style D fill:#8C929D\n    style E fill:#8C929D\n    style F fill:#FFA500\n    style G fill:#FFA500\n    style H fill:#FFA500\n```\n\n\n## Planning your migration\n\n\n**To plan your migration, ask these questions:**\n\n\n- How soon do we need to complete the migration?\n\n- Do we understand what will be migrated?\n\n- Who will run the migration?\n\n- What organizational structure do we want in GitLab?\n\n- Are there any constraints, limitations, or pitfalls that need to be taken into account?\n\n\nDetermine your timeline, as it will largely dictate your migration approach. Identify champions or groups familiar with both ADO and GitLab platforms (such as early adopters) to help drive adoption and provide guidance.\n\n\n**Inventory what you need to migrate:**\n\n\n- The number of repositories, pull requests, and contributors\n\n- The number and complexity of work items and pipelines\n\n- Repository sizes and dependency relationships\n\n- Critical integrations and runner requirements (agent pools with specific capabilities)\n\n\nUse GitLab Professional Services's [Evaluate](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/professional-services-automation/tools/utilities/evaluate#beta-azure-devops) tool to produce a complete inventory of your entire Azure DevOps organization, including repositories, PR counts, contributor lists, number of pipelines, work items, CI/CD variables and more. If you're working with the GitLab Professional Services team, share this report with your engagement manager or technical architect to help plan the migration.\n\n\nMigration timing is primarily driven by pull request count, repository size, and amount of contributions (e.g. comments in PR, work items, etc). For example, 1,000 small repositories with few PRs and limited contributors can migrate much faster than a smaller set of repositories containing tens of thousands of PRs and thousands of contributors. Use your inventory data to estimate effort and plan test runs before proceeding with production migrations.\n\n\nCompare inventory against your desired timeline and decide whether to migrate all repositories at once or in batches. If teams cannot migrate simultaneously, batch and stagger migrations to align with team schedules. For example, in Professional Services engagements, we organize migrations into waves of 200-300 projects to manage complexity and respect API rate limits, both in [GitLab](https://docs.gitlab.com/security/rate_limits/) and [ADO](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/integrate/concepts/rate-limits?view=azure-devops).\n\n\nGitLab's built-in [repository importer](https://docs.gitlab.com/user/project/import/repo_by_url/) migrates Git repositories (commits, branches, and tags) one-by-one. Congregate is designed to preserve pull requests (known in GitLab as merge requests), comments, and related metadata where possible; the simple built-in repository import focuses only on the Git data (history, branches, and tags).\n\n\n**Items that typically require separate migration or manual recreation:**\n\n\n- Azure Pipelines - create equivalent GitLab CI/CD pipelines (consult with [CI/CD YAML](https://docs.gitlab.com/ci/yaml/) and/or with [CI/CD components](https://docs.gitlab.com/ci/components/)). Alternatively, consider using AI-based pipeline conversion available in Congregate.\n\n- Work items and boards - map to GitLab Issues, Epics, and Issue Boards.\n\n- Artifacts, container images (ACR) - migrate to GitLab Package Registry or Container Registry.\n\n- Service hooks and external integrations - recreate in GitLab.\n\n- [Permissions models](https://docs.gitlab.com/user/permissions/) differ between ADO and GitLab; review and plan permissions mapping rather than assuming exact preservation.\n\n\nReview what each tool (Congregate vs. built-in import) will migrate and choose the one that fits your needs. Make a list of any data or integrations that must be migrated or recreated manually.\n\n\n**Who will run the migration?**\n\n\nMigrations are typically run by a GitLab group owner or instance administrator, or by a designated migrator who has been granted the necessary permissions on the destination group/project. Congregate and the GitLab import APIs require valid authentication tokens for both Azure DevOps and GitLab.\n\n\n- Decide whether a group owner/admin will perform the migrations or whether you will grant a specific team/person delegated access.\n\n- Ensure the migrator has correctly configured personal access tokens (Azure DevOps and GitLab) with the scopes required by your chosen migration tool (for example, api/read_repository scopes and any tool-specific requirements). \n\n- Test tokens and permissions with a small pilot migration.\n\n**Note:** Congregate leverages file-based import functionality for ADO migrations and requires instance administrator permissions to run ([see our documentation](https://docs.gitlab.com/user/project/settings/import_export/#migrate-projects-by-uploading-an-export-file)). If you are migrating to GitLab.com, consider engaging Professional Services. For more information, see the [Professional Services Full Catalog](https://about.gitlab.com/professional-services/catalog/). Non-admin account cannot preserve contribution attribution!\n\n\n**What organizational structure do we want in GitLab?**\n\nWhile it's possible to map ADO structure directly to GitLab structure, it's recommended to rationalize and simplify the structure during migration. Consider how teams will work in GitLab and design the structure to facilitate collaboration and access management. Here is a way to think about mapping ADO structure to GitLab structure:\n\n\n```mermaid\ngraph TD\n    subgraph GitLab\n        direction TB\n        A[\"Top-level Group\"]\n        B[\"Subgroup (optional)\"]\n        C[\"Projects\"]\n        A --> B\n        A --> C\n        B --> C\n    end\n\n    subgraph AzureDevOps[\"Azure DevOps\"]\n        direction TB\n        F[\"Organizations\"]\n        G[\"Projects\"]\n        H[\"Repositories\"]\n        F --> G\n        G --> H\n    end\n\n    style A fill:#FC6D26\n    style B fill:#FC6D26\n    style C fill:#FC6D26\n    style F fill:#8C929D\n    style G fill:#8C929D\n    style H fill:#8C929D\n```\n\nRecommended approach:\n\n\n- Map each ADO organization to a GitLab group (or a small set of groups), not to many small groups. Avoid creating a GitLab group for every ADO team project. Use migration as an opportunity to rationalize your GitLab structure.\n\n- Use subgroups and project-level permissions to group related repositories.\n\n- Manage access to sets of projects by using GitLab groups and group membership (groups and subgroups) rather than one group per team project.\n\n- Review GitLab [permissions](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/permissions.html) and consider [SAML Group Links](https://docs.gitlab.com/user/group/saml_sso/group_sync/) to implement an enterprise RBAC model for your GitLab instance (or a GitLab.com namespace).\n\n\n**ADO Boards and work items: State of migration**\n\n\nIt's important to understand how work items migrate from ADO into GitLab Plan (issues, epics, and boards).\n\n\n- ADO Boards and work items map to GitLab Issues, Epics, and Issue Boards. Plan how your workflows and board configurations will translate.\n\n- ADO Epics and Features become GitLab Epics.\n\n- Other work item types (e.g., user stories, tasks, bugs) become project-scoped issues.\n\n- Most standard fields are preserved; selected custom fields can be migrated when supported.\n\n- Parent-child relationships are retained so Epics reference all related issues.\n\n- Links to pull requests are converted to merge request links to maintain development traceability.\n\n\nExample: Migration of an individual work item to a GitLab Issue, including field accuracy and relationships:\n\n\n![Example: Migration of an individual work item to a GitLab Issue](https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1764769188/ztesjnxxfbwmfmtckyga.png)\n\n\nBatching guidance:\n\n\n- If you need to run migrations in batches, use your new group/subgroup structure to define batches (for example, by ADO organization or by product area).\n\n- Use inventory reports to drive batch selection and test each batch with a pilot migration before scaling.\n\n\n**Pipelines migration**\n\n\nCongregate [recently introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/professional-services-automation/tools/migration/congregate/-/merge_requests/1298) AI-powered conversion for multi-stage YAML pipelines from Azure DevOps to GitLab CI/CD. This automated conversion works best for simple, single-file pipelines and is designed to provide a working starting point rather than a production-ready `.gitlab-ci.yml` file. The tool generates a functionally equivalent GitLab pipeline that you can then refine and optimize for your specific needs.\n\n\n- Converts Azure Pipelines YAML to `.gitlab-ci.yml` format automatically.\n\n- Best suited for straightforward, single-file pipeline configurations.\n\n- Provides a boilerplate to accelerate migration, not a final production artifact.\n\n- Requires review and adjustment for complex scenarios, custom tasks, or enterprise requirements.\n\n- Does not support Azure DevOps classic release pipelines — [convert these to multi-stage YAML](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/release/from-classic-pipelines?view=azure-devops) first.\n\n\nRepository owners should review the [GitLab CI/CD documentation](https://docs.gitlab.com/ci/) to further optimize and enhance their pipelines after the initial conversion.\n\n\nExample of converted pipelines:\n\n\n```yml \n\n# azure-pipelines.yml\n\ntrigger:\n  - main\n\nvariables:\n  imageName: myapp\n\nstages:\n  - stage: Build\n    jobs:\n      - job: Build\n        pool:\n          vmImage: 'ubuntu-latest'\n        steps:\n          - checkout: self\n\n          - task: Docker@2\n            displayName: Build Docker image\n            inputs:\n              command: build\n              repository: $(imageName)\n              Dockerfile: '**/Dockerfile'\n              tags: |\n                $(Build.BuildId)\n\n  - stage: Test\n    jobs:\n      - job: Test\n        pool:\n          vmImage: 'ubuntu-latest'\n        steps:\n          - checkout: self\n\n          # Example: run tests inside the container\n          - script: |\n              docker run --rm $(imageName):$(Build.BuildId) npm test\n            displayName: Run tests\n\n  - stage: Push\n    jobs:\n      - job: Push\n        pool:\n          vmImage: 'ubuntu-latest'\n        steps:\n          - checkout: self\n\n          - task: Docker@2\n            displayName: Login to ACR\n            inputs:\n              command: login\n              containerRegistry: '\u003Cyour-acr-service-connection>'\n\n          - task: Docker@2\n            displayName: Push image to ACR\n            inputs:\n              command: push\n              repository: $(imageName)\n              tags: |\n                $(Build.BuildId)\n\n```\n\n```yaml\n\n# .gitlab-ci.yml\n\nvariables:\n  imageName: myapp\n\nstages:\n  - build\n  - test\n  - push\n\nbuild:\n  stage: build\n  image: docker:latest\n  services:\n    - docker:dind\n  script:\n    - docker build -t $imageName:$CI_PIPELINE_ID -f $(find . -name Dockerfile) .\n  only:\n    - main\n\ntest:\n  stage: test\n  image: docker:latest\n  services:\n    - docker:dind\n  script:\n    - docker run --rm $imageName:$CI_PIPELINE_ID npm test\n  only:\n    - main\n\npush:\n  stage: push\n  image: docker:latest\n  services:\n    - docker:dind\n  before_script:\n    - docker login -u $CI_REGISTRY_USER -p $CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD $CI_REGISTRY\n  script:\n    - docker tag $imageName:$CI_PIPELINE_ID $CI_REGISTRY/$CI_PROJECT_PATH/$imageName:$CI_PIPELINE_ID\n    - docker push $CI_REGISTRY/$CI_PROJECT_PATH/$imageName:$CI_PIPELINE_ID\n  only:\n    - main\n\n```\n\n**Final checklist:**\n\n\n- Decide timeline and batch strategy.\n\n- Produce a full inventory of repositories, PRs, and contributors.\n\n- Choose Congregate or the built-in import based on scope (PRs and metadata vs. Git data only).\n\n- Decide who will run migrations and ensure tokens/permissions are configured.\n\n- Identify assets that must be migrated separately (pipelines, work items, artifacts, and hooks) and plan those efforts.\n\n- Run pilot migrations, validate results, then scale according to your plan.\n\n\n## Running your migrations\n\n\nAfter planning, execute migrations in stages, starting with trial runs. Trial migrations help surface org-specific issues early and let you measure duration, validate outcomes, and fine-tune your approach before production.\n\n\nWhat trial migrations validate:\n\n\n- Whether a given repository and related assets migrate successfully (history, branches, tags; plus MRs/comments if using Congregate)\n\n- Whether the destination is usable immediately (permissions, runners, CI/CD variables, integrations)\n\n- How long each batch takes, to set schedules and stakeholder expectations\n\n\nDowntime guidance:\n\n\n- GitLab's built-in Git import and Congregate do not inherently require downtime.\n\n- For production waves, freeze changes in ADO (branch protections or read-only) to avoid missed commits, PR updates, or work items created mid-migration.\n\n- Trial runs do not require freezes and can be run anytime.\n\n\nBatching guidance:\n\n\n- Run trial batches back-to-back to shorten elapsed time; let teams validate results asynchronously.\n\n- Use your planned group/subgroup structure to define batches and respect API rate limits.\n\n\nRecommended steps:\n\n\n1. Create a test destination in GitLab for trials:\n\n\n  - GitLab.com: create a dedicated group/namespace (for example, my-org-sandbox)\n\n  - Self-managed: create a top-level group or a separate test instance if needed\n\n\n2. Prepare authentication:\n\n\n  - Azure DevOps PAT with required scopes.\n\n  - GitLab Personal Access Token with api and read_repository (plus admin access for file-based imports used by Congregate).\n\n\n3. Run trial migrations:\n\n\n  - Repos only: use GitLab's built-in import (Repo by URL)\n\n  - Repos + PRs/MRs and additional assets: use Congregate\n\n\n4. Post-trial follow-up:\n\n\n  - Verify repo history, branches, tags; merge requests (if migrated), issues/epics (if migrated), labels, and relationships.\n\n  - Check permissions/roles, protected branches, required approvals, runners/tags, variables/secrets, integrations/webhooks.\n\n  - Validate pipelines (`.gitlab-ci.yml`) or converted pipelines where applicable.\n\n\n5. Ask users to validate functionality and data fidelity.\n\n6. Resolve issues uncovered during trials and update your runbooks.\n\n7. Network and security:\n\n\n  - If your destination uses IP allow lists, add the IPs of your migration host and any required runners/integrations so imports can succeed.\n\n\n8. Run production migrations in waves:\n\n\n  - Enforce change freezes in ADO during each wave.\n\n  - Monitor progress and logs; retry or adjust batch sizes if you hit rate limits.\n\n\n9. Optional: remove the sandbox group or archive it after you finish.\n\n\n\u003Cfigure class=\"video_container\">\n  \u003Ciframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ibIXGfrVbi4?si=ZxOVnXjCF-h4Ne0N\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\">\u003C/iframe>\n\u003C/figure>\n\n\n## Terminology reference for GitLab and Azure DevOps\n\n| GitLab                                                           | Azure DevOps                                 | Similarities & Key Differences                                                                                                                                          |\n| ---------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Group                                                            | Organization                                 | Top-level namespace, membership, policies. ADO org contains Projects; GitLab Group contains Subgroups and Projects.                                                   |\n| Group or Subgroup                                                | Project                                      | Logical container, permissions boundary. ADO Project holds many repos; GitLab Groups/Subgroups organize many Projects.                                                |\n| Project (includes a Git repo)                                    | Repository (inside a Project)                | Git history, branches, tags. In GitLab, a \"Project\" is the repo plus issues, CI/CD, wiki, etc. One repo per Project.                                                  |\n| Merge Request (MR)                                               | Pull Request (PR)                            | Code review, discussions, approvals. MR rules include approvals, required pipelines, code owners.                                                                     |\n| Protected Branches, MR Approval Rules, Status Checks             | Branch Policies                              | Enforce reviews and checks. GitLab combines protections + approval rules + required status checks.                                                                    |\n| GitLab CI/CD                                                     | Azure Pipelines                              | YAML pipelines, stages/jobs, logs. ADO also has classic UI pipelines; GitLab centers on .gitlab-ci.yml.                                                               |\n| .gitlab-ci.yml                                                   | azure-pipelines.yml                          | Defines stages/jobs/triggers. Syntax/features differ; map jobs, variables, artifacts, and triggers.                                                                   |\n| Runners (shared/specific)                                        | Agents / Agent Pools                         | Execute jobs on machines/containers. Target via demands (ADO) vs tags (GitLab). Registration/scoping differs.                                                         |\n| CI/CD Variables (project/group/instance), Protected/Masked       | Pipeline Variables, Variable Groups, Library | Pass config/secrets to jobs. GitLab supports group inheritance and masking/protection flags.                                                                          |\n| Integrations, CI/CD Variables, Deploy Keys                       | Service Connections                          | External auth to services/clouds. Map to integrations or variables; cloud-specific helpers available.                                                                 |\n| Environments & Deployments (protected envs)                      | Environments (with approvals)                | Track deploy targets/history. Approvals via protected envs and manual jobs in GitLab.                                                                                 |\n| Releases (tag + notes)                                           | Releases (classic or pipelines)              | Versioned notes/artifacts. GitLab Release ties to tags; deployments tracked separately.                                                                               |\n| Job Artifacts                                                    | Pipeline Artifacts                           | Persist job outputs. Retention/expiry configured per job or project.                                                                                                  |\n| Package Registry (NuGet/npm/Maven/PyPI/Composer, etc.)           | Azure Artifacts (NuGet/npm/Maven, etc.)      | Package hosting. Auth/namespace differ; migrate per package type.                                                                                                     |\n| GitLab Container Registry                                        | Azure Container Registry (ACR) or others     | OCI images. GitLab provides per-project/group registries.                                                                                                             |\n| Issue Boards                                                     | Boards                                       | Visualize work by columns. GitLab boards are label-driven; multiple boards per project/group.                                                                         |\n| Issues (types/labels), Epics                                     | Work Items (User Story/Bug/Task)             | Track units of work. Map ADO types/fields to labels/custom fields; epics at group level.                                                                              |\n| Epics, Parent/Child Issues                                       | Epics/Features                               | Hierarchy of work. Schema differs; use epics + issue relationships.                                                                                                   |\n| Milestones and Iterations                                        | Iteration Paths                              | Time-boxing. GitLab Iterations (group feature) or Milestones per project/group.                                                                                       |\n| Labels (scoped labels)                                           | Area Paths                                   | Categorization/ownership. Replace hierarchical areas with scoped labels.                                                                                              |\n| Project/Group Wiki                                               | Project Wiki                                 | Markdown wiki. Backed by repos in both; layout/auth differ slightly.                                                                                                  |\n| Test reports via CI, Requirements/Test Management, integrations  | Test Plans/Cases/Runs                        | QA evidence/traceability. No 1:1 with ADO Test Plans; often use CI reports + issues/requirements.                                                                     |\n| Roles (Owner/Maintainer/Developer/Reporter/Guest) + custom roles | Access levels + granular permissions         | Control read/write/admin. Models differ; leverage group inheritance and protected resources.                                                                          |\n| Webhooks                                                         | Service Hooks                                | Event-driven integrations. Event names/payloads differ; reconfigure endpoints.                                                                                        |\n| Advanced Search                                                  | Code Search                                  | Full-text repo search. Self-managed GitLab may need Elasticsearch/OpenSearch for advanced features.                                                                   |\n","2025-12-03","2026-01-16","https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1749658924/Blog/Hero%20Images/securitylifecycle-light.png",[737,738],"Evgeny Rudinsky","Michael Leopard","Guide: Migrate from Azure DevOps to GitLab","Learn how to carry out the full migration from Azure DevOps to GitLab using GitLab Professional Services migration tools — from planning and execution to post-migration follow-up tasks.",{"featured":26,"template":13,"slug":742},"migration-from-azure-devops-to-gitlab",{"promotions":744},[745,759,770],{"id":746,"categories":747,"header":749,"text":750,"button":751,"image":756},"ai-modernization",[748],"ai-ml","Is AI achieving its promise at scale?","Quiz will take 5 minutes or less",{"text":752,"config":753},"Get your AI maturity score",{"href":754,"dataGaName":755,"dataGaLocation":239},"/assessments/ai-modernization-assessment/","modernization assessment",{"config":757},{"src":758},"https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1772138786/qix0m7kwnd8x2fh1zq49.png",{"id":760,"categories":761,"header":762,"text":750,"button":763,"image":767},"devops-modernization",[723,555],"Are you just managing tools or shipping innovation?",{"text":764,"config":765},"Get your DevOps maturity score",{"href":766,"dataGaName":755,"dataGaLocation":239},"/assessments/devops-modernization-assessment/",{"config":768},{"src":769},"https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1772138785/eg818fmakweyuznttgid.png",{"id":771,"categories":772,"header":774,"text":750,"button":775,"image":779},"security-modernization",[773],"security","Are you trading speed for security?",{"text":776,"config":777},"Get your security maturity score",{"href":778,"dataGaName":755,"dataGaLocation":239},"/assessments/security-modernization-assessment/",{"config":780},{"src":781},"https://res.cloudinary.com/about-gitlab-com/image/upload/v1772138786/p4pbqd9nnjejg5ds6mdk.png",{"header":783,"blurb":784,"button":785,"secondaryButton":790},"Start building faster today","See what your team can do with the intelligent orchestration platform for DevSecOps.\n",{"text":786,"config":787},"Get your free trial",{"href":788,"dataGaName":46,"dataGaLocation":789},"https://gitlab.com/-/trial_registrations/new?glm_content=default-saas-trial&glm_source=about.gitlab.com/","feature",{"text":491,"config":791},{"href":50,"dataGaName":51,"dataGaLocation":789},1772652064666]